Degrees and Education
He earned his undergraduate degree in physics from Washington University in St. Louis in 1966 and went on to graduate studies in planetary science at Caltech, receiving his PhD in 1970. His dissertation dealt with telescopic observations of the spectral reflectance of Jupiter’s Galilean satellites. After postdoctoral studies at MIT, he returned to California as a NRC Research Associate at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and became a member of the technical staff at JPL in 1973. Since then he has worked in many areas of modern planetary research, including ground based telescopic observations, laboratory and theoretical studies, and planetary spacecraft missions. His primary research interests have been in the geochemistry and geophysics of planetary satellites, the Moon and asteroids. On the Voyager mission, he played a major role as a member of the Imaging Science Team, chairing the Satellite Working Group and planning and analyzing observations of satellites at Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. In 1977 he was named Project Scientist for the Galileo mission and was a Co-I on the Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer. During the course of the Galileo mission he directed the activities of the Galileo science teams, and science operations. Galileo spectacularly achieved its primary goals in the Jupiter system and continued with extended studies of Europa and Io. He is currently involved in ongoing research into the properties of giant planet satellites as a team member of the Cassini imaging team and a Co-Investigator on the Cosmic Dust Analyzer experiment.
Honors and Awards:
In the course of his career he has received numerous awards, including two medals for scientific achievement from NASA and one for outstanding leadership. His is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and an elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Geophysical Union, the International Academy of Astronautics, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and the Explorers Club. He is a member of the IAU. He has an asteroid (2614 Torrence) named for him in recognition of his contributions to asteroid science. In 1997 he received an honorary degree in astronomy from the University of Padua, where Galileo made his original observations of the satellites of Jupiter in 1610.
Publications:
He has published over 190 research articles as well as numerous popular articles and book chapters. He is also an editor of the reference work (with Lucy McFadden and Paul Weissman), Encyclopedia of the Solar System (Academic Press).
Candidate Statement
Since its inception, the DPS has played a unique and important role in providing a focus for planetary researchers of all types from around the world. It is emblematic of the breadth of the DPS that the initial organizing committee and early Chairs included luminaries in such diverse fields as atmospheric science (Chamberlain), meteoritics and geochemistry (Anders), planetary photometry (Irvine) and exo (now astro-) biology (Sagan). During the second decade of the new millennium, the DPS is now playing a leading role in extending the study of the origin and nature of planets in our solar system to the origin and nature of planetary systems around other stars. With the advent of increasingly powerful ground-based and space-based observing facilities and with spacecraft active at, on the way to, or planned for, virtually every class of planetary target, never has our science created more excitement, both professionally and publically. But what of the future?
A professional organization such as the DPS rests on three pillars: 1. Meetings, to provide the community with a forum for reporting results and exchanging ideas, 2. Publications, to provide a high quality vehicle for documenting and reviewing research results, and 3. Communications with the public and government agencies supporting our science. All three require constant attention and development as conditions change, and all three face significant challenges in the coming years. If elected Vice-Chair, I would purpose to work with the Chair and the Committee to assess the state of each of these pillars and develop plans to strengthen them for the future.
In the area of meetings, I am sure the membership is well aware of the stresses that economic conditions put on DPS finances in the years following 2008. The Committee and program organizers have succeeded in placing the DPS on a more solid financial footing since then. Holding the type of meeting that the membership has come to expect will undoubtedly require continual attention. Current areas of concern include increasing pressure from Congress and NASA to limit civil service attendance at “heavily attended conferences” such as the DPS. This seriously impacts NASA center scientists (including JPL) as well as having a dampening effect on all NASA funded travel. While recent innovative efforts to exploit web-based broadcasts, social networking and virtual meetings may alleviate some of the effects, I feel that a vital annual DPS meeting is essential to the community and the advancement of our science, with presentations, discussions and many face-to-face scientific interactions. I would work with the Chair and Committee to advocate to NASA, the Administration and Congress that full participation in DPS science meetings by the whole planetary science community is vital to the health of the discipline, including providing more student and post-doc support.
In the publications arena, we have seen many societies and journals struggle with the rapid transition to electronic publication. Icarus has its own set of specific problems but is not alone in these. Indeed electronic publication and new forms of media are changing the face of nearly every aspect of society as a whole. The DPS will need to keep abreast of changing conditions and business models affecting electronic publishing generally.
Finally, it is the taxpayers and our governments that support the science that we do. The DPS has been proactive in supporting outreach to the public and legislative sectors to explain and promote our science, but we can do more.
A major element of the Communications pillar is advocating a strong solar system exploration and research program. This effort is increasingly international in character, with India, China and Japan having all begun serious planetary exploration, in addition to the strong ESA program already in place. Advocating effectively for our science is particularly vital to the DPS due to our discipline’s narrow funding base. Most broad scientific disciplines, Atmospheric Science, Earth Science, Geophysics, and yes, even Astronomy and Astrophysics, receive support from multiple departments and agencies throughout the government – e.g. NSF, DOE, DOD, Interior, etc. Planetary Science is unusual in receiving practically all of its support from a relatively small division of a relatively small agency, NASA. This makes strategic planning and long range goals extremely susceptible to short term political decisions. Our community recently spent a large amount of effort working with the NRC to produce the current Decadal Survey, which laid out priorities and achievable goals across a balanced program. Almost immediately after its completion, essentially all of the Survey’s major recommendations were rendered inoperative or placed in great jeopardy by a few pen strokes in budget items buried deep within the NASA budget. We cannot change the history which resulted in the current funding structure, but we can use the Decadal Survey as our best tool for advocating a reasonable, community supported plan for planetary exploration. We should do this as a unified community as well as reaching out to related disciplines in astronomy and astrophysics (exoplanets) and geophysics to make our case for continued support.
If elected, an important part of my job would be to help the DPS and its members vigorously promote an exciting solar system exploration program for the future and advocate for the required investments in missions, technologies, education, research and data analysis needed to sustain major advances in understanding our (and other) planetary systems.